AI for Social Good, AI for Datong
Abstract
The Chinese government and technology companies assume a proactive stance towards digital technologies and AI and their roles in users’—and more generally, people’s—lives. This vision of ‘Tech for Good’, i.e., the development of good digital technologies and AI or the application of them for good, is also shared by major technology companies in the globe, e.g., Google, Microsoft, and Facebook. Interestingly, these initiatives have invited a number of critiques for their feasibility and desirability, particularly in relation to the social and political conditions of liberal democratic societies. In this article, I discuss whether these critiques also apply to the Chinese context and contend that Confucian philosophy provides the normative resources to answer these critiques. This cross-cultural analysis, therefore, allows us to formulate a different account of AI4SG, which I shall call ‘AI for Datong’, and helps us in our reimagining of the normative vision for AI.
Downloads
References
Ames, R., Rosemont, H. (1999). The Analects of Confucius: a Philosophical Translation. New York: Ballantine Books (trans.).
Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence [BAAI] (2019, May 28). Beijing AI Principles. Available at: https://www.baai.ac.cn/news/beijing-ai-principles-en.html
Berendt, B. (2019). AI for the Common Good?! Pitfalls, Challenges, and Ethics Pen-Testing. Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 10, 1, 44-65. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2019-0004
Berberich, N., Nishida, T., Suzuki, S. (2020). Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good. Philosophy & Technology. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00421-8
Chen, A. H. Y. (2014). The Concept of “ Datong ” in Chinese Philosophy as an Expression of the Idea of the Common Good. In: Solomon, D., Lo, P. C. (Eds.). The Common Good: Chinese and American Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 85-102.
Cheng, M. (2019, November 20). Tech for Good: The Second Half of a Large Social Experiment? Internet Frontiers. Available at: https://www.tisi.org/?page_id=7043&post_id=839
European Commission High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence [AI HLEG] (2019). Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., King, T. C., Taddeo, M. (2020). How to Design AI for Social Good: Seven Essential Factors. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 1771-1796.
Davidson, H. (2020, April 1). China's Coronavirus Health Code Apps Raise Concerns over Privacy. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/01/chinas-coronavirus-health-code-apps-raise-concerns-over-privacy
Gasper, D. (2019) The Road to the Sustainable Development Goals: Building Global alliances and norms. Journal of Global Ethics, 15, 2, 118-137.
Green, B. (2019). “Good” isn’t Good Enough. Paper presented at AI for Social Good Workshop, NeurIPS 2019. Vancouver, Canada. Available at: https://www.benzevgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/19-ai4sg.pdf
Grover, D. (2020, April 5). How Chinese Apps Handled Covid-19. Available at: http://dangrover.com/blog/2020/04/05/covid-in-ui.html
Laskai, L., Webster, G. (2019, June 17). Translation: Chinese Expert Group Offers ‘Governance Principles’ for ‘Responsible AI’. New America. Available at: https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/translation-chinese-expert-group-offers-governance-principles-responsible-ai/
Latonero, M. (2019, November 18). AI for Good is Often Bad. Wired. Available at: https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-ai-for-good-is-often-bad/
Legge, J. (1861). The Analects (trans.). Available at: https://ctext.org/analects
Legge, J. (1885). The Li Ki (trans.). Available at: https://ctext.org/liji
Lucero, K. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Regulation and China’s Future. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 33, 1, 94-171.
Mansbridge, J. (1998). On the Contested Nature of the Public Good. In W. W. Powell and E. S. Clemens (Eds.). Private Action and the Public Good. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 3-19.
Moore, J. (2019). AI for Not Bad. Frontiers in Big Data, 2, 32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2019.00032
Morozov, E. (2013). To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. New York: PublicAffairs.
Mozur, P., Zhong, R., Krolik, A. (2020, March 1). In Coronavirus Fight, China Gives Citizens a Color Code, With Red Flags, New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com./2020/03/01/business/china-coronavirus-surveillance.html
Nesta (2020). The AI Powered State: China’s approach to public sector innovation. Available at: https://www.nesta.org.uk/documents/1860/Nesta_TheAIPoweredState_2020.pdf
Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Rosenlee, L. L. (2017). Ritual, Dependency Care and Confucian Political Authority. International Communication of Chinese Culture, 4, 493-513.
Ryan, M., Antoniou, J., Brooks, L., Jiya, T., Macnish, K., Stahl, B. (2020). The Ethical Balance of Using Smart Information Systems for Promoting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 12, 12, 4826. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124826
Tao, J. P.-W. L. (2000). Two Perspectives of Care: Confucian Ren and Feminist Care. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, 27, 2, 215-240.
Tencent (2019, November 11). Value for Users, Tech for Good. Available at: https://www.tencent.com/en-us/articles/2200913.html
Tomašev, N., Cornebise, J., Hutter, F., Mohamed, S., Picciariello, A., Connelly, et. al (2020). AI for Social Good: Unlocking the Opportunity for Positive Impact. Nature Communications, 11, 1, 2468. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15871-z
United Nations (n.d.). Sustainable development Goals—United Nations. Availabe at https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., Felländer, et. al. (2020). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications, 11, 1, 233. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14108-y
Webster, G. (2019, June 17). Translation: Chinese AI Alliance Drafts Self-Discipline 'Joint Pledge'. New America. Available at: https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/translation-chinese-ai-alliance-drafts-self-discipline-joint-pledge/
Wong, P.-H. (2012). Dao, Harmony and Personhood: Towards a Confucian Ethics of Technology. Philosophy & Technology, 25, 67-86.
Wong, P.-H. (2019). Rituals and Machines: A Confucian Response to Technology-Driven Moral Deskilling. Philosophies, 4, 4, 59. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies4040059
Yu, K. P. (2010). The Confucian Conception of Harmony. In: Tao, J., Cheung, A., Painter, M., Li, C. (Eds.), Governance for Harmony in Asia and Beyond. London: Routledge. p. 15-36.
Zhu, Y. (2020, February 17). Making Good Use of Science and Technology to Solve the “Pandemic” Emergency. People’s Daily. Available at: http://opinion.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0217/c1003-31591258.html
Copyright (c) 2021 Pak-Hang Wong

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.




.png)












